AL amyloidosis is caused by a misfolded light chain produced by a clonal population of plasma cells. Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. Crowe, Jr., Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing 1, 2, 4, ‡ * Frank Cornell, Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, 3, ‡ and James E. Day, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing, 2 Luke Myers, Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing, 2 Alexey Zaytsev, Investigation, Writing – review & editing, 2 Mahsa Majedi, Investigation, Writing – review & editing, 2 R. Bombardi, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, 2 Samuel B. Chen, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, # 1, 2 Samuel Rubinstein, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, # 3 Cinque Soto, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, 2, 4 Robin G. Deep Sequencing of B Cell Receptor Repertoires From COVID-19 Patients Reveals Strong Convergent Immune Signatures. Galson JD, Schaetzle S, Bashford-Rogers RJM, Raybould MIJ, Kovaltsuk A, Kilpatrick GJ, et al. In Vivo Neutralization of Dendrotoxin-Mediated Neurotoxicity of Black Mamba Venom by Oligoclonal Human IgG Antibodies. Laustsen AH, Karatt-Vellatt A, Masters EW, Arias AS, Pus U, Knudsen C, et al. CoV-AbDab: The Coronavirus Antibody Database. Raybould MIJ, Kovaltsuk A, Marks C, Deane CM. Multiplexed Expression and Screening for Recombinant Protein Production in Mammalian Cells. 10.1038/s4158-8Ĭhapple SDJ, Crofts AM, Shadbolt SP, McCafferty J, Dyson MR. Figure was prepared using BioRender.ĭeFrancesco L. The V H sequences of RBD binding and pseudoviral neutralizing antibodies were co-clustered with whole BCR repertoire sequencing from the patients and published antibodies to understand the nature and dynamics of the early antibody response. Finally, structures of a complementary pair of antibodies with two different mechanism of viral neutralization in complex with RBD were determined using X-ray crystallography. A final panel of 21 antibodies were subjected to authentic virus neutralization, epitope binding and developability assessment. Characterization of phage display derived antibodies using high throughput expression, primary binding assay and biochemical ACE-2 receptor blocking assays and DNA sequencing resulted in testing of 155 unique antibodies for pseudovirus neutralization and surface plasmon resonance. Antibody genes isolated from the PBMC’s of 18 COVID-19 patients were used to for B cell receptor repertoire sequencing and to construct phage display libraries. Overview of SARS-CoV-2 antibody discovery and analysis of patient response to COVID-19. Similar IgM-derived sequences occur within this study group and also within patient responses described by multiple independent studies published previously.ĬOVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 variants antibodies convergence phage display.Ĭopyright © 2021 Bullen, Galson, Hall, Villar, Moreels, Ledsgaard, Mattiuzzo, Bentley, Masters, Tang, Millett, Tongue, Brown, Diamantopoulos, Parthiban, Tebbutt, Leah, Chaitanya, Ergueta-Carballo, Pazeraitis, Surade, Ashiru, Crippa, Cowan, Bowler, Campbell, Lee, Carr, Matthews, Pfeffer, Hufton, Sawmynaden, Osbourn, McCafferty and Karatt-Vellatt. Finally, by combining sequences of the RBD binding and neutralizing antibodies with the B cell receptor repertoire sequencing, we also describe a highly convergent early antibody response. Structural determination of a non-ACE2 receptor blocking antibody reveals a previously undescribed binding epitope, which is unlikely to be affected by the mutations in any of the recently reported major viral variants including B.1.1.7 (from the UK), B.1.351 (from South Africa) and B.1.1.28 (from Brazil). This comprehensive discovery approach has yielded a panel of potent neutralizing antibodies which bind distinct viral epitopes including epitopes conserved in SARS-CoV-1. This study describes deep-mining of the antibody repertoires of hospitalized COVID-19 patients using phage display technology and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing to isolate neutralizing antibodies and gain insights into the early antibody response. The recent emergence of viral variants with reduced sensitivity to some current antibodies and vaccines highlights the importance of broad cross-reactivity. Passive immunization using monoclonal antibodies will play a vital role in the fight against COVID-19.
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